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The Friar of Carcassonne: Revolt against the Inquisition in the Last Days of the Cathars

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French Revolution of 1848, street fighting in Paris resulting in the overthrow of the July Monarchy and proclamation of the French Second Republic. While emotions in Toulouse continued to escalate, events throughout France did nothing to ease these emotions but indeed inflamed them all the more. In the beginning of the riots the Protestants had focused on Catholic ritual objects to vent their anger upon and followed a policy of trying to avoid committing violence on their opponents. Prisoners were treated with consideration, banished rather than executed, and great attempts to convert them to what they deemed true Christianity were made. [4] But as events continued and the situation grew more desperate for them, Protestant policy shifted towards more killing. The Catholic policy remained the same throughout the riots; they deemed Protestants both heretics and traitors who must be exterminated in the name of "holy war". [4] This explains their slaughter of unarmed Protestant prisoners held in the conciergerie and Parlement's prison, and their willingness to hold other Protestants under water till they drowned or watch them burn to death inside their homes. [4]

Carcassonne: Europe’s Largest Medieval Fortified City Was Carcassonne: Europe’s Largest Medieval Fortified City Was

On the Catholic side, many of the nobles, who had responded to the ban and arrière-ban, were appalled at the cost the Protestant resistance and their tactics of urban warfare was having on their armored troops. Catholic Captain Ricaud was so devastated at the loss of so many of his troops within just two days of fighting that he withdrew to an Augustinian monastery, refused all food and drink, and wailed about the great loss of gens de bien (good/honest folk). [4] The nobles were also dismayed that the Protestants had no respect for the status of their bloodlines and casualties among the gentry were high. [4] One Catholic noble was even thrown by Protestant townsfolk into the river weighted down by his gilded armor. [4] On 8 November, President Jacques Chirac declared a state of emergency, [13] [14] effective at midnight. Despite the new regulations, riots continued, though on a reduced scale, the following two nights, and again worsened the third night. On 9 November and the morning of 10 November a school was burned in Belfort, and there was violence in Toulouse, Lille, Strasbourg, Marseille, and Lyon. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Sanderson, Edgar (1902). Judicial Crimes: a record of some famous trials in English history in which bigotry, popular panic, and political rancour played a leading part. Hutchinson & Co. Villiers-le-Bel riots, riots in the Val-d'Oise department that began following the deaths of two teenagers whose motorcycle collided with a police vehicle.

a b Benoît Hopquin (9 November 2005). "Après la mort de Jean-Claude Irvoas, des habitants affligés". Le Monde.fr . Retrieved 20 April 2015.

List of incidents of civil unrest in France - Wikipedia

By March 1562 notable members of Toulouse's community formed a Reformed Church Consistory (a congregation's governing body of elected officials that include the Elders and the Deacons). By this time the Reformed Church in Toulouse was already baptizing, marrying, and providing funerals for its members. [4] Escalations [ edit ] a b "Compte Rendu Detaille Des DEcisions Du Conseil Municipal" (PDF). Grandbesancon.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011 . Retrieved 22 February 2014. In 1568 between four and five hundred were slain in the night and their bodies thrown into the Garonne river. [2] [22] In addition to the night pogrom, sixteen members high officers (including many from Parlement) were placed under arrest for suspicion of heresy, while sixteen more fled to Montauban and Castres. [2]Due to conflicts over political authority with Parlement, in 1562 the capitouls made all municipal jobs open to annual election rather than permanent positions. This resulted in bitter contests for the posts with a large number of these jobs going to Reformed Church members (such as clerks, some sergeants, the town crier, the treasurer, the city's syndic, and the archivist). During the riots they would play a large role in directing the Protestant cause. [4] Edicts on religion [ edit ] The Fête was the largest of Toulouse's general processions and the celebration of its 200th anniversary was (as historian Robert A. Schneider states) "one of the great moments in Toulouse's history, commemorating the two-hundredth anniversary of this glorious event. It was a lavish spectacle, attracting...thirty thousand tourists and pilgrims. And its popularity was enhanced by the renewal of a papal bull originally issued in 1564 granting faithful indulgences for attending prayers at either the cathedral or the Basilica Saint-Sernin." [32] Even as the burial riot went on in Toulouse, outside events continued to encourage hostility between Catholics and members of the Reformed Church. These events would set the stage for larger, deadlier riots in the city.

Riots Won’t Harm Economy, Laurence Boone Says - Bloomberg France Riots Won’t Harm Economy, Laurence Boone Says - Bloomberg

Benedict, Philip (1994). The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority. Independence Square, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.When the lettres de cachet announcing the Edict of Orléans (with its toleration of Protestants) arrived in Toulouse, the Parlement registered it tardily and interpreted it harshly only releasing prisoners suspected of heresy if they abjured their faith first. [4] The 1561 Edict of Foutainebleau was received by the Parlement with even greater disdain. [4] In contrast the capitouls arrested three Catholic preachers (including a Jesuit priest and a monk) for traitorous remarks regarding Catherine de Médicis for her feebleness towards members of the Reformed Church. [4]

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